Basic knowledge and maintenance of battery

AH (amper/hour) - ah, is the capacity of the unit.

I. Basic knowledge of lead acid battery

(1) basic concepts

1. Basic definitions

Electrical energy can be changed from a variety of forms of energy, in which the chemical energy conversion into electrical energy devices called chemical batteries, commonly referred to as batteries, the battery has a primary battery and storage battery.

After discharge can not be charged way to regenerate internal active substances called galvanic cells, also known as disposable batteries. After discharging, the internal active material can be regenerated by charging, storing the electric energy as chemical energy, and converting the chemical energy into electric energy when the discharge is needed. The utility model is called a storage battery, also called a two battery.

2, commonly used technical terminology

Charge: the battery obtains power from other DC sources. It is called charging.

Discharge: the output of an external circuit of a battery is called discharge.

Floating charge discharge: parallel battery and other external circuit DC power supply, the output power is called floating charge discharge. The equipment with uninterrupted power supply and the accumulator which acts as backup power is in the discharge state.

Electric potential: the external circuit is disconnected, there is no current through the battery in the potential difference between the positive and negative results, called electric battery. Terminal voltage: the potential difference between positive and negative poles of a battery is called the voltage or terminal voltage of the battery

An Shi capacity: the capacity of the battery is An Shi, that is, the battery capacity is Q (An Shi), =I is placed * t, and I is placed as the discharge current

T discharge time (hours)

Energy efficiency (ampere hour efficiency) between output power and input power is called the battery efficiency, also called ampere hour efficiency.

Energy efficiency (%) = (Q / Q = 100% (filling) * I * t (put) / I * I * 100% full charge)

Q discharge and Q charge are discharge and charge capacity respectively (An Shi)

Free discharge: the depletion of battery capacity due to local action of the battery. The ratio of capacity before the capacity loss is called the free discharge rate of the battery

Free discharge rate (%) = (Q1 - Q2) / Q1 * 100%

Q1 for pre discharge capacity (An Shi)

Q2 for post discharge capacity (An Shi)

Service life: each battery charging and discharging time, called a charge discharge cycles, the battery can keep the output in a certain capacity under the condition of charge discharge cycles, called battery life.

(two) lead acid battery

1 Definitions

Lead acid battery is a kind of storage battery, which is mainly made of dilute sulfuric acid as electrolyte, and two lead oxide and lead like lead respectively as positive and negative electrode of battery.

2, classification

According to the battery plate structure classification: there are formed, painted and tube type battery.

According to the classification of the battery cover and structure: opening type, exhaust type, explosion proof type and sealed valve controlled accumulator.

According to the maintenance of battery classification: there are general type, less maintenance type, maintenance free battery.

According to the relevant standards in our country, the main battery products are:

Starter battery: mainly used for automobiles, tractors, diesel engines, ships and other starting and lighting.

Stationary battery: mainly used for communications, power plants, computer systems as protection, automatic control of standby power supply.

Traction battery: mainly used in all kinds of battery vehicles, forklifts, forklifts and other power supply.

Battery used for railway, diesel locomotive, electric locomotive, bus starting and lighting.

Motorcycle battery: mainly used for motorcycle starting and lighting of various specifications.

Battery for coal mine: mainly used for traction power supply of electric locomotive.

Storage battery: mainly used for wind power, hydraulic power generation, power storage.

3. Basic structure: lead-acid battery mainly consists of the following parts:

1, hard rubber groove 2 and negative plates 3, 4, 5, the positive plate separator, the saddle 6 bus

7, sealing glue 8, battery tank cover 9, connection bar 10, pole 11, exhaust plug

Positive plate

The polar plates of lead acid battery can be divided into four kinds according to the structure and the active substance formation method: coated paste plate, tube plate, formed polar plate, half formed polar plate. The coated plate consists of a grid and an active substance. The grid acts as a support for the active material and conducts the current and distributes the current evenly. The grid material is general lead antimony alloy, maintenance free battery adopts lead calcium alloy. The main active material is two lead oxide, and the negative active material is mainly lead like lead.

A partition

The separator of the battery is made of microporous rubber, glass fiber and other materials:

Prevents the positive and negative plate short circuit; causes the positive and negative ions in the electrolyte to pass smoothly. Slow down positive and negative plate active substances to prevent the positive and negative polar plates from damage due to vibration.

electrolyte

Electrolyte is an important part of storage battery. Its function is to conduct electric current and take part in electrochemical reaction

The electrolyte is made up of concentrated sulfuric acid and purified water (deionized water), and the purity and density of the electrolyte have an important influence on the capacity and life of the battery.

Battery case, cover

A battery case is a container for holding positive and negative plates and electrolytes, usually made of plastic and rubber.

Exhaust plug

Exhaust plug